From Stress Chains to Acoustic Emission

Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Jul 26;123(4):048003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.048003.

Abstract

A numerical scheme using the combined finite-discrete element method is employed to study a model of an earthquake system comprising a granular layer embedded in a formation. When the formation is driven so as to shear the granular layer, a system of stress chains emerges. The stress chains endow the layer with resistance to shear and on failure launch broadcasts into the formation. These broadcasts, received as acoustic emission, provide a remote monitor of the state of the granular layer of the earthquake system.