As part of the work, an assessment was made of the state of the metabolic characteristics of sperm plasma in various morphofunctional ejaculate pathologies. Physico-chemical, metabolic and morphological parameters of the ejaculate were evaluated. The diagnostic protocol included a standard sperm analysis with classification of ejaculate parameters and determination of biochemical parameters of sperm plasma on an automatic biochemical analyzer. The study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of metabolic parameters. The total number of surveyed was XX people. After studying the morphological features of the cell composition, the obtained samples were divided into four groups: samples with normospermia, samples with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, samples with azoospermia, and samples with cryptozoospermia. In each group, the parameters of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism were studied. As a result, it was found that with the progression of pathology, the catabolic mechanism of energy consumption begins to prevail, due to a decrease in the concentration in the sperm plasma of protein components, transaminases, as well as the growth of non-protein nitrogenous inclusions. It is noted that the growth of glucose, despite the inhibition of transmembrane routes of intake by reducing the concentration of alkaline phosphatase and lipid-transport systems, is associated with the forced inclusion of insulating mechanisms for the penetration of glucose into the sperm plasma from the blood through the hemato-sperm barrier. At the same time, an increase in the content of lipids in the sperm plasma, as well as the growth of creatinine in the initial stages of the development of pathology, can be characterized by a compensatory response aimed at maintaining the viability of minimal amounts of spermatozoa. Well, the disorder of mineral metabolism in general characterizes the violation of metabolic processes in all forms of ejaculate pathology. Identified features of the metabolism in the sperm plasma may further allow to identify more informative laboratory markers of male infertility.
Keywords: ejaculate; normozoospermia; prospermia; sperm plasma enzymes; sperm plasma metabolism; spermatogenesis.