Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative mesenchymal neoplasm caused by Kaposi sarcoma-related herpesvirus. This review outlines our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and staging for this disease. Recent research has informed a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of KS in the post-antiretroviral therapy era, and highlights the continued need to better characterize the African endemic subtype. Advances in clinical oncology, including checkpoint inhibitors and new skin-directed therapies, have translated into exciting new developments for the future of KS treatment options.
Keywords:
AIDS; HHV8; HIV; Immunosuppression; Kaposi sarcoma; Sarcoma.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / drug therapy*
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / epidemiology
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Administration, Cutaneous
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Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use
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Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
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Brachytherapy
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Cryosurgery
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Herpesviridae Infections / drug therapy*
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Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
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Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
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Herpesvirus 8, Human
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Humans
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Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects*
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Injections, Intralesional
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Laser Therapy
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Radiotherapy
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Sarcoma, Kaposi / epidemiology
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Sarcoma, Kaposi / pathology
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Sarcoma, Kaposi / therapy*
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Sarcoma, Kaposi / virology
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Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
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Skin Neoplasms / pathology
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Skin Neoplasms / therapy*
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Skin Neoplasms / virology
Substances
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
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Antiviral Agents
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Immunosuppressive Agents