We developed a short-range light detection and ranging system using a supercontinuum (SC) source spectrally tailored to cover the ro-vibrational transition energies of desired components of a flue gas. The system enables remote measurements of the gas parameters, including temperature and concentration which play a key role in the performance of combustion power plants. The technique requires only one inspection window and, thus, can be used in combustion units with limited access. It exploits differential absorption between specific wavelength bands of the gas absorption spectrum. The transmittance of an individual wavelength band is derived from the detected backscattered temporal intensity of the SC pulses. We demonstrate water vapor temperature measurement in the range of 400°C-900°C in a laboratory furnace with the use of only two wavelength bands. Using more than two wavelength bands, the technique can be further extended to simultaneously measure temperature and concentration. By varying the direction of the incident beam in a non-parallel plane, a full 3D profile is also obtainable.