A novel organic mineral complex prevented high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, endotoxemia, liver injury and endothelial dysfunction in young male Sprague-Dawley rats

PLoS One. 2019 Aug 26;14(8):e0221392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221392. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) has risen 35% since 2012 and over two-thirds of Americans exhibit features characterizing this condition (obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and/or endothelial dysfunction). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dietary supplemental organic mineral complex (OMC) on these risk factors in a rodent model of MetSyn. Six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) composed of 60% kcal from fat for 10 weeks. Rats were also treated with OMC in their drinking water at either 0 mg/mL (control), 0.6 mg/mL, or 3.0 mg/mL. The HFD-treated rats exhibited significantly increased body mass (p<0.05), epididymal fat pad mass (p<0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.010), in addition to elevations in plasma endotoxins (p<0.001), ALT activity (p<0.001), fasting serum glucose (p = 0.025) and insulin concentrations (p = 0.009). OMC did not affect body weight or adiposity induced by the HFD. At the higher dose OMC significantly blunted HFD-induced hyperglycemia (p = 0.021), whereas both low and high doses of OMC prevented HFD-induced endotoxemia (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively) and hepatocyte injury (ALT activity, p<0.01). Despite evidence of oxidative stress (elevated urinary H2O2 p = 0.032) in HFD-fed rats, OMC exhibited no demonstrable antioxidative effect. Consistent with prior studies, mesenteric arteries from HFD rats had more uncoupled eNOS (p = 0.006) and iNOS protein expression (p = 0.027) in addition to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation that was abrogated by the high dose of OMC (p<0.05). This effect of OMC may be attributed to the high nitrate content of the supplement. These findings suggest that the OMC supplement, particularly at the higher dose, ameliorated several risk factors associated with MetSyn via a non-antioxidant-dependent mechanism.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Endothelial Cells / drug effects
  • Endothelial Cells / pathology
  • Endotoxemia / drug therapy*
  • Endotoxemia / etiology
  • Endotoxemia / pathology
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / drug therapy*
  • Hyperglycemia / etiology
  • Hyperglycemia / pathology
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / injuries
  • Liver / pathology
  • Minerals / chemistry
  • Minerals / pharmacology*
  • Organic Chemicals / chemistry
  • Organic Chemicals / pharmacology*
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • Minerals
  • Organic Chemicals

Grants and funding

This study was funded by a grant from Isagenix International, LLC (to KLS). The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors (MSC, EG) but did not have a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the first draft of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.