Selenium and cadmium in bioaccessible fraction of organic weaning food: Risk assessment and influence of dietary components

F Cámara-Martos; A M Ramírez-Ojeda; M Jiménez-Mangas; J Sevillano-Morales; R Moreno-Rojas

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.004

Selenium and cadmium in bioaccessible fraction of organic weaning food: Risk assessment and influence of dietary components

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 Dec:56:116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.004. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Authors

F Cámara-Martos¹, A M Ramírez-Ojeda², M Jiménez-Mangas², J Sevillano-Morales², R Moreno-Rojas²

Affiliations

¹ Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio C-1, 14014, Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: bt2camaf@uco.es.
² Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio C-1, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.

PMID: 31445186
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.004

Abstract

Background: The tendency of some sectors of the population to consume organic food has also come to include baby food. Nevertheless, it is necessary to develop studies to support the true nutritional and toxicological value of these products, making special emphasis in several trace elements. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on this type of organic food.

Methods: Weaning foods with different formulations categorized as organic were analyzed to determine Se and Cd contents as well as its bioaccesibility. The analyses were conducted by electro thermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET - AAS) after the treatment of the samples with acid mineralization. Besides, macronutrient analyses (protein, fat and dietary fiber) were also developed. Finally, a novelty statistic approach such as @Risk was used to evaluate contributions to DRI or PTWI of Se and Cd derived for consumption of these weaning foods.

Results: Se content ranged between 2.44-15.4 μg Kg ¹. Samples with meat ingredients showed the highest Se contents, while weaning foods consisting of fruits or vegetables presented the lowest concentrations. Se bioccessible concentration ranged between 1.90-4.35 μg Kg^-1 with a greater uniformity amongst analyzed samples. Regarding Cd, concentrations of this heavy metal ranged between 1.23 and 3.64 μg Kg^-1. Furthermore, Cd bioaccessibility of organic weaning foods ranged between 0.17 and 1.38 μg Kg^-1. The solubility of all samples studied was around 20% from the initial Cd concentration. A negative statistical correlation between fat content - Cd bioaccesible (p < 0.05; r = - 0.756) and Cd content - Se bioaccesible (p < 0.05; r = - 0.777) were also found.

Conclusions: Cd concentrations are considerably lower than those reported in weaning formulas which were not categorized as organic. On the other hand, the analysed organic jars did not represent a significant source of Se. The probabilistic assessment developed, showed that contributions to DRI of Se for infants 1-3 years old by consumption of these weaning foods, are excessively low (15% at best).

Keywords: Bioacccessibility; Cadmium; Organic; Risk assessment; Selenium; Weaning food.

MeSH terms

Animals
Biological Availability
Cadmium / analysis*
Computer Simulation
Diet*
Food, Organic / analysis*
Probability
Risk Assessment*
Selenium / analysis*
Swine
Weaning*

Substances

Cadmium
Selenium