[Clinical Practice Guide for Anaphylaxis in Latin America (Galaxia-Latam)]

Rev Alerg Mex. 2019:66 Suppl 2:1-39. doi: 10.29262/ram.v66i6.588.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction with a rapid onset and it is potentially life-threatening. Its clinical manifestations are varied; they may affect the skin, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and the digestive system, among others. The treatment of choice, which is an intra-muscular injection of epinephrine (adrenaline), must be applied promptly. Therefore, being prepared to recognize it properly is of crucial importance. The objective of this clinical practice guide is to improve the knowledge of health professionals about anaphylaxis and, consequently, to optimize the treatment and long-term management of this reaction. This guide is adapted to the peculiarities of Latin America; especially in matters regarding the treatment. The need to introduce epinephrine auto-injectors in countries that don't have them yet is highlighted.

La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave de instauración rápida y potencialmente mortal. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son muy variadas, pudiendo afectar la piel, el sistema cardiovascular, el aparato respiratorio y el digestivo, entre otros. El tratamiento de elección, mediante la inyección intramuscular de adrenalina, debe ser precoz. Por lo anterior, es vital estar preparados para reconocerla adecuadamente. El objetivo de la presente guía de actuación clínica es mejorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre anafilaxia y, consecuentemente, optimizar el tratamiento y manejo a largo plazo de esta entidad. La guía está adaptada a las peculiaridades de América Latina, especialmente en los aspectos relativos al tratamiento. Se destaca la necesidad de introducir los autoinyectores de adrenalina en los países que no dispongan de ellos.

Keywords: Adrenalin; Allergic reaction; Anaphylaxis; Clinical practice guide.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic Agonists / administration & dosage
  • Adrenergic Agonists / therapeutic use
  • Adult
  • Algorithms
  • Anaphylaxis* / diagnosis
  • Anaphylaxis* / epidemiology
  • Anaphylaxis* / etiology
  • Anaphylaxis* / therapy
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Child
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease Management
  • Drug Administration Routes
  • Epinephrine / administration & dosage
  • Epinephrine / therapeutic use
  • Glucagon / administration & dosage
  • Glucagon / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Tests
  • Patient Education as Topic
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • Self Administration
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / administration & dosage
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Adrenergic Agonists
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents
  • Glucagon
  • Epinephrine