Oridonin, A natural diterpenoid, protected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against MPP+- and kainic acid-induced injury

Abstract

Oridonin (ORI) is a natural diterpenoid presented in some medicinal plants. The effects of pre-treatments from ORI against MPP⁺- or kainic acid (KA)-induced damage in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells were investigated. Results showed that pre-treatments of ORI at 0.25-2 μM enhanced the viability and plasma membrane integrity of NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. MPP⁺ or KA exposure down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA expression, up-regulated Bax mRNA expression, increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase activity. ORI pre-treatments at test concentrations reversed these changes. ORI pre-treatments decreased reactive oxygen species production, raised glutathione level, and increased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities in MPP⁺ or KA treated cells. ORI pre-treatments lowered tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and prostaglandin E₂ levels in MPP⁺ or KA treated cells. ORI also diminished MPP⁺ or KA induced increase in nuclear factor-κB binding activity. MPP⁺ exposure suppressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression and decreased dopamine content. KA exposure reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA expression, raised glutamate level and lowered glutamine level. ORI pre-treatments at 0.5-2 μM up-regulated mRNA expression of TH and GS, restored DA and glutamine content. These findings suggested that oridonin was a potent neuro-protective agent against Parkinson's disease and seizure.

Keywords: NGF-differentiated PC12 cells; Oridonin; Parkinson's disease; Seizure.