Proteostasis in the Hedgehog signaling pathway

Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Sep:93:153-163. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Abstract

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial for the development of vertebrate and invertebrate animals alike. Hh ligand binds its receptor Patched (Ptc), allowing the activation of the obligate signal transducer Smoothened (Smo). The levels and localizations of both Ptc and Smo are regulated by ubiquitination, and Smo is under additional regulation by phosphorylation and SUMOylation. Downstream of Smo, the Ci/Gli family of transcription factors regulates the transcriptional responses to Hh. Phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation are important for the stability and localization of Ci/Gli proteins and Hh signaling output. Finally, Suppressor of Fused directly regulates Ci/Gli proteins and itself is under proteolytic regulation that is critical for normal Hh signaling.

Keywords: CK1; Ci; Cul1; Cul3; Cul4; GSK3; Gli1; Gli2; Gli3; Gprk2; Grk2; Hh; Lysosome; PKA; Phosphorylation; Proteasome; Ptc; Ptch1; SUMO; Shh; Slimb; Smo; Smurf; Sufu; Ubiquitin; Uchl5; Usp8.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Hedgehog Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Proteostasis*
  • Signal Transduction*

Substances

  • Hedgehog Proteins