Evidence for the facultative intracellular behaviour of the fish pathogen Vibrio ordalii

J Fish Dis. 2019 Oct;42(10):1447-1455. doi: 10.1111/jfd.13072. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

Abstract

Vibrio ordalii is an extracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that produces vibriosis in salmonids. While pathogenesis is not fully understood, this bacterium has numerous likely genes for adhesion, colonization, invasion factors and, as recently suggested, intracellular behaviour. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify possible intracellular behaviour for V. ordalii Vo-LM-18 and ATCC 33509T in the fish-cell lines SHK-1 and CHSE-214. Confocal microscopy revealed Vo-LM-18 and ATCC 33509T inside cytoplasm in both fish-cell lines at 4 hr post-inoculation (hpi). At 8 and 16 hpi, the proportion of fish cells invaded by both strains increased. Moreover, intracellular V. ordalii were observed after 8 hpi inside mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), demonstrating that entry was not due to a cellular phagocytosis process. Flow cytometry confirmed immunocytochemistry results, with both V. ordalii evidencing statistically significant differences in the number of infected cells between 8 and 16 hpi. Interestingly, V. ordalii infection did not significantly damage fish cells, as determined by LDH liberation. Viable counts at 8 hpi detected, on average for both lines, 176 ± 47 CFU/ml of culturable intracellular Vo-LM-18 and ATCC 33509T cells. These in vitro findings support the facultative intracellular behaviour of V. ordalii and may be of importance for understanding pathogenicity and survival in aquatic environments.

Keywords: Vibriosis; intracellular facultative; virulence mechanism.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Fish Diseases / microbiology*
  • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / veterinary
  • Microscopy, Confocal / veterinary
  • Salmon*
  • Vibrio / physiology*
  • Vibrio Infections / microbiology
  • Vibrio Infections / veterinary*