We present a method for single-shot three-dimensional imaging through scattering media with a three-dimensional memory effect. In the proposed computational process, a captured speckle image is two-dimensionally correlated with different scales, and the object is three-dimensionally recovered with three-dimensional phase retrieval. Our method was experimentally demonstrated with a lensless setup and was compared with a multishot approach used in our previous work [Opt. Lett.44, 2526 (2019)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.44.002526].