This commentary highlights the unique failures of environmental regulatory standards and related remedial actions to significantly reduce human cancer risks and the failure of cancer therapeutics to significantly impact cancer incidence and survival statistics despite vast resources allocated to both areas over the past half century. These dramatic institutional, scientific, medical, and regulatory failures suggest that current scientific understandings of cancer and its causation are seriously flawed and in need of a new objective re-appraisal.
Keywords: Cancer; Dose response; Hormesis; Linear non-threshold; Precautionary principle; Risk assessment.