Combustion fabrication of magnetic porous carbon as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Abstract

Based on a one-step combustion fabrication approach, a novel magnetic porous carbon (MPC) was fabricated using filter paper as porous carbon source and iron salts as magnetic precursors. The textural properties of the MPC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and nitrogen absorption-desorption isotherms. The as-prepared MPC possessed a high specific surface area, a microstructure comprised of mesopores and strong magnetic response. It was employed as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for the determination of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in environmental water and biological samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated in detail and a satisfactory performance was obtained under the optimal conditions. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranging from 1 to 1200 μg L^-1 for ketoprofen (KET) and 2-1200 μg L^-1 for naproxen (NAP) and diclofenac (DCF) with determination coefficients (R²) between 0.9995 and 0.9997. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.2-0.4 μg L^-1. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 4.03% and 8.72%, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 84.67% to 113.73% with RSDs less than 7.76%. The satisfactory results confirmed the great potential of the novel MPC adsorbent for the extraction of NSAIDs from complex sample matrices.

Keywords: Combustion fabrication; High performance liquid chromatography; Magnetic porous carbon; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.