Double-shelled yolk-shell Si@C microspheres based electrochemical sensor for determination of cadmium and lead ions

Danfeng Qin; Anran Chen; Xamxikamar Mamat; Yongtao Li; Xun Hu; Ping Wang; Hao Cheng; Yemin Dong; Guangzhi Hu

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.011

Double-shelled yolk-shell Si@C microspheres based electrochemical sensor for determination of cadmium and lead ions

Anal Chim Acta. 2019 Oct 31:1078:32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.011. Epub 2019 Jun 7.

Authors

Danfeng Qin¹, Anran Chen², Xamxikamar Mamat³, Yongtao Li⁴, Xun Hu⁵, Ping Wang⁶, Hao Cheng⁷, Yemin Dong⁸, Guangzhi Hu⁹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
² Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, 830011, China. Electronic address: xamxikmr@aliyun.com.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, 830011, China. Electronic address: yongtao@ms.xjb.ac.cn.
⁵ School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
⁶ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
⁷ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
⁸ State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
⁹ Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, 830011, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. Electronic address: guangzhihu@ynu.edu.cn.

PMID: 31358226
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.011

Abstract

In this work, we report double-shelled yolk-shell Si@C structure as a high-performance electrochemical sensing material for heavy metal ions. A SiO₂-assisted polybenzoxazine (PB) coating strategy is used to synthesize highly monodispersed Si@C microspheres. After thermal carbonization of PB layers and selective removal of the SiO₂ layers, Si@C microspheres were prepared. The resultant Si@C microspheres exhibit uniform spherical morphology and clearly double-shelled yolk-shell structures. The obtained Si@C microspheres are employed to prepare the chemically modified electrode for the sensitive determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II). By the method of anodic stripping voltammetry, the Si@C-based electrode shows a very wide linear dynamic range for target ions (e.g., 0.5-400 μg L^-1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II)) and low limit of detections (e.g., 0.068 μg L^-1 for Cd(II) and for 0.105 μg L^-1 Pb(II)). The remarkable results, such as excellent resistance to interference ions, good repeatability, and reproducibility were also obtained. Furthermore, compared with those Cd(II) and Pb(II) sensors known in the literature, the analytical performance of Si@C-based electrode is better. Finally, when further used to determine Cd(II) and Pb(II) in tap water and lake water, the results of fabricated electrode successfully achieve good consistency with the data obtained from inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Keywords: Cadmium; Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry; Dual yolk-shell structure; Lead; Nitrogen doping.