Disease antigens detection by silicon nanowires with the efficiency optimization of their antibodies on a chip

Dong-Sheng Su; Po-Yen Chen; Hsiang-Chih Chiu; Chien-Chung Han; Ta-Jen Yen; Hueih-Min Chen

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.042

Disease antigens detection by silicon nanowires with the efficiency optimization of their antibodies on a chip

Biosens Bioelectron. 2019 Sep 15:141:111209. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.042. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Authors

Dong-Sheng Su¹, Po-Yen Chen², Hsiang-Chih Chiu³, Chien-Chung Han⁴, Ta-Jen Yen⁵, Hueih-Min Chen⁶

Affiliations

¹ National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
² National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
³ Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiu@ntnu.edu.tw.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Electronic address: cchan@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
⁵ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Materials Science, and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Electronic address: tjyen@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
⁶ National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Electronic address: hmchen@narlabs.org.tw.

PMID: 31357174
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.042

Abstract

Enhancing the efficiency of antibody protein immobilized on a silicon nanowire-based chip for their antigens detection is reported. An external electric field (EEF) is applied to direct the orientation of antibodies during their immobilization on a chip. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure the binding forces between immobilized antibody and targeting antigen under the influence of EEF at different angles. The maximum binding force under a specific angle (optimal angle; oa) of EEF (_maxEEF^oa) implies the optimal orientation of the antibodies on the chip. In this report, two different cancer carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules 5 (CEACAM5) & 1 (CEACAM1) were used for the examples of disease antigen detection. _maxEEF^oa of anti-CEACAM5 or anti-CEACAM1 immobilized on a general chip was firstly determined. Spectroscopy of AFM revealed that both binding forces were the largest ones with their antigens when _maxEEF^oa was applied as compared with no or other angles of EEF. These antibody proteins accompanied with the application of EEF were secondly immobilized on silicon-nanowires (n = 1000) and the field effects were measured (∆I) as their target antigens were approached. Results showed that ∆I was the largest ones when _maxEEF^oas (225°/270° and 135°/180° for anti-CEACAM5 and anti-CEACAM1, respectively) were applied as compared with other angles of EEF. These observations imply that the silicon nanowires together with the application of _maxEEF^oa as detection tools could be applied for the cancer diagnostics in the future.

Keywords: Antibodies; Antigen detection; EOP); Efficiency optimization of protein; Nanowires.

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Immobilized / chemistry*
Antigens, CD / analysis*
Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation*
Carcinoembryonic Antigen / analysis*
Cell Adhesion Molecules / analysis*
Equipment Design
GPI-Linked Proteins / analysis
Humans
Nanowires / chemistry*
Protein Array Analysis / instrumentation
Silicon / chemistry*

Substances

Antibodies, Immobilized
Antigens, CD
CD66 antigens
CEACAM5 protein, human
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Cell Adhesion Molecules
GPI-Linked Proteins
Silicon