Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the few major cancers that continue to exhibit a positive rate of increase in the developed world. A wealth of epidemiological data has undisputedly implicated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight and artificial sources as the major risk factor for melanomagenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this cause-and-effect relationship remain murky and understudied. Recent efforts on multiple fronts have brought unprecedented expansion of our knowledge base on this subject and it is now clear that melanoma is caused by a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, primarily to UVR. Here we provide an overview of the effects of the macroenvironment (UVR) on the skin microenvironment and melanocyte-specific intrinsic (mostly genetic) landscape, which conspire to produce one of the deadliest malignancies.
Keywords: AKT; BRAF; CDKN2A; CPD; DNA repair; Eumelanin; Genetics; Genomics; Immunosuppression; Inflammation; Keratinocyte; MAPK pathway; MC1R; Melanin; Melanocyte; Melanoma; Metastasis; Microenvironment; Mouse models; Mutagenesis; Mutations; NRAS; PTEN; Pheomelanin; Pigmentation; Prevention; Progression; Receptor tyrosine kinase; Signature mutations; Skin; Sunscreen; UV; UVA; UVB; UVC; Ultraviolet radiation; Vitamin D; WNT.
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