The effect of amantadine on an ion channel protein from Chikungunya virus

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Jul 24;13(7):e0007548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007548. eCollection 2019 Jul.

Abstract

Viroporins like influenza A virus M2, hepatitis C virus p7, HIV-1 Vpu and picornavirus 2B associate with host membranes, and create hydrophilic corridors, which are critical for viral entry, replication and egress. The 6K proteins from alphaviruses are conjectured to be viroporins, essential during egress of progeny viruses from host membranes, although the analogue in Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) remains relatively uncharacterized. Using a combination of electrophysiology, confocal and electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations we show for the first time that CHIKV 6K is an ion channel forming protein that primarily associates with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. The ion channel activity of 6K can be inhibited by amantadine, an antiviral developed against the M2 protein of Influenza A virus; and CHIKV infection of cultured cells can be effectively inhibited in presence of this drug. Our study provides crucial mechanistic insights into the functionality of 6K during CHIKV-host interaction and suggests that 6K is a potential therapeutic drug target, with amantadine and its derivatives being strong candidates for further development.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amantadine / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • Chikungunya virus / drug effects*
  • Chikungunya virus / physiology
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Host Microbial Interactions
  • Humans
  • Ion Channels / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Vero Cells
  • Viral Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Virus Replication / drug effects*

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Ion Channels
  • Viral Proteins
  • Amantadine

Grants and funding

Funding was secured by MB (BT/PR29264/BRB/10/1710/2018) from Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India (http://www.dbtindia.nic.in). However, DBT had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript. DD thanks CSIR for research fellowship (09/086(1183)/2013-EMR-I).