The determination of 2-phenylphenol in the presence of 4-chlorophenol using nano-Fe3O4/ionic liquid paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor

Hassan Karimi-Maleh; Colani T Fakude; Nonhlagabezo Mabuba; Gbenga M Peleyeju; Omotayo A Arotiba

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.047

The determination of 2-phenylphenol in the presence of 4-chlorophenol using nano-Fe₃O₄/ionic liquid paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Oct 15:554:603-610. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.047. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Authors

Hassan Karimi-Maleh¹, Colani T Fakude², Nonhlagabezo Mabuba³, Gbenga M Peleyeju², Omotayo A Arotiba⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: h.karimi.maleh@gmail.com.
² Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
³ Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: oarotiba@uj.ac.za.

PMID: 31330427
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.047

Abstract

A voltammetric sensor was fabricated for the determination of 2-phenylphenol (2-PP) as a water pollutant. The sensor was prepared by modifying carbon paste electrode (CPE) with a composite of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-NPs) and ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; (HMPF₆)). The Fe₃O₄-NPs was synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by FESEM, MAP, AFM and XRD methods. The presence of Fe₃O₄-NPs and HMPF₆ in CPE improved the catalytic activity of the electrode towards the oxidation of 2-PP. The Fe₃O₄-NPs/HMPF₆/CPE displayed two well separated oxidation signals in a solution containing 2-PP and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). A peak separation of 380 mV was obtained, which implies that the sensor can be used for the simultaneous determination of the two water contaminants. The Fe₃O₄-NPs/HMPF₆/CPE displayed a linear dynamic range 0.01-520 μM for 2-PP. The sensor showed good recovery data for the analysis of 2-PP and 4-CL in orange rind, lemon rind and different water samples.

Keywords: 2-Phenylphenol; 4-Chlorophenol; Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle; Water pollutants; n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate.