Expression of platelet parameters and platelet membrane glycoproteins in childhood Burkitt lymphoma

Abstract

Platelet activation and functional changes in some haematological malignancies have been investigated with little or no known documentation on Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Abnormalities of platelets contribute to either haemorrhage or thrombotic episodes which are life-threatening in patients with BL. Thus, the study aimed at investigating the various platelet indices and platelet membrane glycoproteins in childhood Burkitt lymphoma. Platelet surface membrane glycoproteins (GPIIb/IIIa, P-selectin and GPIV using PAC 1, CD62p and CD36 monoclonal antibodies respectively) and platelet indices (Platelet Count [PLT], Plateletcrite [PCT], Mean Platelet Volume [MPV], Platelet Distribution Width [PDW] and Platelet Large Cell Ratio [P-LCR]) were determined in children with Burkitt lymphoma and healthy children (normal controls) based on flow cytometry and automated blood cell analysis techniques. PLT and PCT were higher in BL cases than in the normal controls with a significant difference in the PLT (P = 0.02). On the contrary, we observed a significant (p < 0.05) lower levels in the other platelet indices (MPV, PDW and P-LCR) in children with BL than the controls. With the exception of CD62 P, the other platelet membrane glycoproteins examined showed a decreased level of expression before and after the addition of an Adenosine -5- diphosphate (ADP) in cases of BL. In addition, PAC-1 was probably known to be associated with Burkitt Lymphoma (Odds Ratio [OR] 6.67, Relative Risk [RR] 3.13, 95% CI 1.06-9.21; p = 0.02). Finally, oral bleeding was observed to be the commonest bleeding episodes associated with childhood BL. Flow cytometry analysis and cell counting techniques of platelet assessment has described the expression of the platelet membrane glycoproteins and parameters in children with Burkitt lymphoma. Thus, children with Burkitt lymphoma tend to show normal to increased level of circulatory platelets but decreased platelet membrane glycoprotein expressions and platelet dysfunction.

Keywords: Burkitt lymphoma; Flow cytometry; Platelet indices; Platelet membrane glycoproteins.