Patients with pertussis can have a variety of complications, including pneumonia and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Severe complications, such as pulmonary hypertension and encephalopathy, can be life-threatening. Younger children with pertussis may lack the characteristic clinical manifestations of pertussis, and therefore, a deeper understanding of the complications of pertussis may help to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pertussis. However, there is still no standard for the diagnosis and treatment of pertussis complications, and there are great differences in diagnostic name, basis, and data used in different reports. This article reviews the complications of pertussis which have been reported so far, such as pulmonary complications (pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, and mediastinal or subcutaneous emphysema), fractures, hernias, circulatory system complications, nervous system complications (convulsion, encephalopathy, hemorrhage, and hematoma), urinary system complications, and secondary infections, so as to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pertussis complications, scientific research on pertussis complications, and the promotion of standardized diagnosis and treatment of pertussis complications.
百日咳感染者可出现多种并发症，常见并发肺炎、球结膜下出血等，严重并发症，如肺动脉高压、脑病等可能危及生命。低年龄患儿缺乏百日咳特征性的临床表现，因此提高对百日咳并发症的认识，有助于及时诊断和治疗百日咳，对改善预后有着积极意义。但目前还没有百日咳并发症的诊治规范，不同报告使用的诊断名称、依据和报告数据等存在很大差异。该文就文献报道的百日咳并发症，包括呼吸系统并发症（肺炎、肺动脉高压、气胸及纵膈或皮下气肿）、骨折、疝气、循环系统并发症、神经系统并发症（惊厥、脑病及出血和血肿）、泌尿系统并发症、继发感染等进行了全面综述，希望为临床诊治和研究百日咳并发症，以及早日促成百日咳并发症的规范诊治提供参考。