Aim: Periodontal pathologies are gaining importance as there is a clear indication of bi-way control on general homeostasis of an individual. The study of HPA axis in various diseases has proved that there is evident vulnerability existing for any organism when the Cortisol diurnal rhythm is altered. The aim was to compare the diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol in aggressive periodontitis with control patients. This study also compared various parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, Hamilton anxiety scale, OHI-S, clinical attachment loss in aggressive periodontitis.
Materials and methods: 30 control patients were compared against 30 aggressive periodontitis patients in Salivary cortisol diurnal rhythm. It was estimated using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method on a 3 point analysis-Soon after waking up, 30 minutes after waking up, 1 hour before sleep to see the diurnal variation in aggressive periodontitis patients. The samples were transferred to CABRI labs to be frozen to -20°C. The analysis was done using Cobas e-411 autoanalyzer by Roche, USA.
Results: The average cortisol in aggressive patients was found to be higher compared to control patients and was found to be statistically significant with a p value of 0.012. Control group is moderately skewed left (negative skewness graph) while the aggressive p periodontitis patients showed moderately skewed right (+ve skewness graph).
Conclusion: The cortisol awakening response seen in control patients is not observed in aggressive periodontitis. Instead of giving a surge, the cortisol showed a dip in the first 30 minutes followed by a gradual increase in aggressive periodontitis instead of decline as observed in normal patients.
Clinical significance: The study will focus on the importance of cortisol circadian rhythm on periodontal health allowing the microorganism to create an environment of dysbiosis.
Keywords: Aggressive periodontitis; Circadian rhythm; Electrochemiluminescence Salivary cortisol..