: Advances in technology have led to an improvement in the ability to detect and quantify acute cardiomyocyte injury with the measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin as compared with conventional assays. The upper reference limit for the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays is defined as the 99th percentile cutoff value in a healthy reference population. Since sex-related threshold levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have been proposed, this review will focus on the diagnostic and prognostic implications of adopting sex-specific threshold troponin values in patients with a suspected acute coronary syndrome.