Objective: To examine the association between parenting styles and overall child dietary quality within households that are low-income and food-insecure.
Design: Child dietary intake was measured via a 24 h dietary recall. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). Parenting styles were measured and scored using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Linear regressions were used to test main and interaction associations between HEI-2005 scores and parenting styles.
Setting: Non-probability sample of low-income and food-insecure households in South Carolina, USA.
Participants: Parent-child dyads (n 171). Parents were ≥18 years old and children were 9-15 years old.
Results: We found a significant interaction between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style scores. For those with a mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a higher HEI-2005 score (b = 3·36, P < 0.05). For those with an authoritarian score that was 1 sd above the mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a higher HEI-2005 score (b = 8.42, P < 0.01). For those with an authoritarian score that was -1 sd below the mean authoritarian score, each unit increase in authoritative score was associated with a lower HEI-2005 score; however, this was not significant (b = -1·69, P > 0·05). Permissive parenting style scores were negatively associated with child dietary quality (b = -2·79, P < 0·05).
Conclusions: Parenting styles should be considered an important variable that is associated with overall dietary quality in children living within low-income and food-insecure households.
Keywords: Children; Diet quality; Food insecurity; Low-income; Parenting styles.