1 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Surgery, Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California. Electronic address: de1@stanford.edu.
2 Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
3 Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
4 Cleveland Clinic Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
5 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania.