A novel data processing method CyC* for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction minimizes cumulative error

PLoS One. 2019 Jun 11;14(6):e0218159. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218159. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is routinely conducted for DNA quantitative analysis using the cycle-threshold (Ct) method, which assumes uniform/optimum template amplification. In practice, amplification efficiencies vary from cycle to cycle in a PCR reaction, and often decline as the amplification proceeds, which results in substantial errors in measurement. This study reveals the cumulative error for quantification of initial template amounts, due to the difference between the assumed perfect amplification efficiency and actual one in each amplification cycle. The novel CyC* method involves determination of both the earliest amplification cycle detectable above background ("outlier" C*) and the amplification efficiency over the cycle range from C* to the next two amplification cycles; subsequent analysis allows the calculation of initial template amount with minimal cumulative error. Simulation tests indicated that the CyC* method resulted in significantly less variation in the predicted initial DNA level represented as fluorescence intensity F0 when the outlier cycle C* was advanced to an earlier cycle. Performance comparison revealed that CyC* was better than the majority of 13 established qPCR data analysis methods in terms of bias, linearity, reproducibility, and resolution. Actual PCR test also suggested that relative expression levels of nine genes in tea leaves obtained using CyC* were much closer to the real value than those obtained with the conventional 2-ΔΔCt method. Our data indicated that increasing the input of initial template was effective in advancing emergence of the earliest amplification cycle among the tested variants. A computer program (CyC* method) was compiled to perform the data processing. This novel method can minimize cumulative error over the amplification process, and thus, can improve qPCR analysis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA / genetics
  • Diagnostic Errors
  • Electronic Data Processing*
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods*

Substances

  • DNA

Grants and funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China provides the funding to Shu WEI [#31370687] to support this study. The Science Research Foundation of Anhui Provincial Colleges provided funding to Linzhong Zhang (KJ2018A0160). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.