Lipids are an alternative energy source for cells and provide structural integrity in cell membrane and their metabolism is regulated with the use of different pathways, such as integrin signalling, oxidative stress, mechanical stress, and pH changes. All of those processes take place in the oral mucosa which is subject to different environmental impacts. In this study, porcine buccal pouch mucosal cells (pBPMCs) were used during long-term primary in vitro culture. The cultured cells were collected at 7, 15 and 30 days of IVC and subsequently transferred to RNA isolation. In the results of the following microarray analysis, we analyzed the genes detected, belonging to ontology groups, such as "cellular lipid metabolic process", "response to lipid" and "response to lipopolysaccharides. All of the genes involved in these ontological groups were expressed at higher levels at 7 days of IVC and substantially decreased in expression at days 15 and 30 of primary culture. We observed new genes, which may be recognized as markers in regulation of lipid metabolism in mucosal cells in vitro. The results suggested that the biochemical mechanism-involved lipids were accompanied by increased enzymatic activation and synthesis of crucial growth factors reaching high activity at day 7 of culture, which is also well documented as a stage of tissue regeneration period within oral mucosa. Therefore, this "biochemical fingerprint" may be an additional checkpoint of the integrity, resistance and easy adaptability of oral tissues, which are important conditions of success in tissue engineering and grafting for tissue reconstruction.
Keywords: lipid metabolic process; lipopolysaccharides; oral mucosa; pig.