Ferroptosis - An iron- and disorder-dependent programmed cell death

Abstract

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral component of both developmental and pathological features of an organism. Recently, ferroptosis, a new form of PCD that is dependent on reactive oxygen species and iron, has been described. As with apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, ferroptosis is associated with a large set of proteins assembled in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, interactability of which is driven by the presence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions (IDPRs). Previous investigations have identified the prevalence and functionality of IDPs/IDPRs in non-ferroptosis PCD. The intrinsic disorder in protein structures is used to increase the regulatory powers of these processes. As uncontrolled PCD is associated with the onset of various pathological traits, uncovering the association between intrinsic disorder and ferroptosis-related proteins is crucial. To understand this association, 31 human ferroptosis-related proteins were analyzed via a multi-dimensional array of bioinformatics and computational techniques. In addition, a disorder meta-predictor (PONDR® FIT) was implored to look at the evolutionary conservation of intrinsic disorder in these proteins. This study presents evidence that IDPs and IDPRs are prevalent in ferroptosis. The intrinsic disorder found in ferroptosis has far-reaching functional implications related to ferroptosis-related PPIs and molecular interactions.

Keywords: Ferroptosis; Intrinsically disordered protein region; Intrinsically disordered proteins; Post-translational modification; Programmed cell death; Proteins structure-function.