Heteronymous H reflex in temporal muscle as sign of hyperexcitability in ALS patients

Abstract

Objective: The stimulation of the masseteric nerve elicits a homonymous and a heteronymous H reflex in the masseter muscle and in the temporalis one. The presence of the H reflex may be considered a sign of upper motor neuron (UMN) involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the heteronymous H reflex in patients with ALS and compare it with normal subjects.

Methods: We enrolled 36 ALS patients and 52 healthy subjects. We stimulated the masseteric nerve in the infratemporal fossa and recorded the muscle responses ipsilaterally to the stimulation.

Results: The heteronymous temporalis H reflex was elicitable in 88.9% of ALS patients and in none of the controls.

Conclusion: The heteronymous H reflex does not disappear when the stimulation intensity is increased. It can be used as sign of UMN involvement and may prove useful in patients with suspected MND/ALS with purely lower motor neurons (LMN) signs and no signs of UMN involvement.

Significance: The heteronymous H reflex is present far more often in ALS patients than in healthy people. It is a simple test that may be used to detect UMN involvement in patients in whom the only evident signs are LMN impairment, improving diagnosis of ALS.

Keywords: ALS; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; H reflex; Hyperexcitability; Masseteric reflex.