Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Hala Abdalazeem Aljack; Mohammed Karrar Abdalla; Omer Fadl Idris; Amar Mohamed Ismail

doi:10.4103/jrms.JRMS_303_18

Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

J Res Med Sci. 2019 May 22:24:47. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_303_18. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Hala Abdalazeem Aljack^{1

2}, Mohammed Karrar Abdalla³, Omer Fadl Idris⁴, Amar Mohamed Ismail⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
² Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
³ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with insulin function and secretion. It is linked with diabetes mellitus (DM) progression, and complications were also recorded. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate serum VD level in Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and its association with diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 205 patients with Type 2 diabetes age ranged from 39 to 75 years old were enrolled. Serum VD, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. In addition, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was estimated.

Results: Patients with Type 2 diabetes had a 78.5% VD level <30 ng/m. ACR and hs-CRP levels were significantly increased in patients with diabetes with VD <30 ng/m (P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). Female had significantly lower VD level than male P < 0.001. Patients exposed to sunlight had significantly higher VD level and lower hs-CRP levels compared with less-exposed, P value (0.001 and <0.001), respectively. Exercise significantly increased VD and decreased ACR levels in DM patients, P value (0.046 and 0.002), respectively. VD was positively associated with age (r = 0.355 P = 0.040) and negatively correlate with BMI (r = -0.502 P = 0.009), duration of disease (r = -0.498 P = 0.003), ACR (r = -0.384 P = 0.015), and HbA1c (r = -0.327 P = 0.032).

Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggest that patients with Type 2 diabetes with VD deficiency are at higher risk for developing CVD and nephropathy.

Keywords: Albumin:creatinine ratio; Sudan; Vitamin D; cardiovascular diseases; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; nephropathy; type 2 diabetes mellitus.