Generation of a fully erythromycin-sensitive strain of Clostridioides difficile using a novel CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system

Sci Rep. 2019 May 31;9(1):8123. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44458-y.

Abstract

Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile has relied on the use of ermB-based mutagens in erythromycin-sensitive strains. However, the repeated subcultures required to isolate sensitive variants can lead to the acquisition of ancillary mutations that affect phenotype, including virulence. CRISPR-Cas9 allows the direct selection of mutants, reducing the number of subcultures and thereby minimising the likelihood of acquiring additional mutations. Accordingly, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to sequentially remove from the C. difficile 630 reference strain (NCTC 13307) two ermB genes and pyrE. The genomes of the strains generated (630Δerm* and 630Δerm*ΔpyrE, respectively) contained no ancillary mutations compared to the NCTC 13307 parental strain, making these strains the preferred option where erythromycin-sensitive 630 strains are required. Intriguingly, the cas9 gene of the plasmid used contained a proximal frameshift mutation. Despite this, the frequency of mutant isolation was high (96% and 89% for ermB and pyrE, respectively) indicating that a functional Cas9 is still being produced. Re-initiation of translation from an internal AUG start codon would produce a foreshortened protein lacking a RuvCI nucleolytic domain, effectively a 'nickase'. The mutation allowed cas9 to be cloned downstream of the strong Pthl promoter. It may find application elsewhere where the use of strong, constitutive promoters is preferred.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • CRISPR-Cas Systems*
  • Clostridioides difficile / drug effects
  • Clostridioides difficile / genetics*
  • Codon, Initiator
  • Culture Media
  • Erythromycin / pharmacology*
  • Escherichia coli
  • Frameshift Mutation
  • Gene Deletion
  • Gene Editing*
  • Genetic Vectors
  • Genome, Bacterial*
  • Methyltransferases / genetics
  • Mutagenesis
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype
  • Plasmids / genetics
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic

Substances

  • Codon, Initiator
  • Culture Media
  • Erythromycin
  • Methyltransferases
  • rRNA (adenosine-O-2'-)methyltransferase