Purpose: The registration of preoperative 3D images to intra-operative laparoscopic 2D images is one of the main concerns for augmented reality in computer-assisted surgery. For laparoscopic liver surgery, while several algorithms have been proposed, there is neither a public dataset nor a systematic evaluation methodology to quantitatively evaluate registration accuracy.
Method: Our main contribution is to provide such a dataset with an in vivo porcine model. It is used to evaluate a state-of-the-art registration algorithm that is capable of simultaneous registration and soft-body collision reasoning.
Results: The dataset consists of 13 deformed liver states, with corresponding exploration videos and interventional CT acquisitions with 60 small artificial fiducials located on the surface of the liver and distributed within the parenchyma, where a precise registration is crucial for augmented reality. This dataset will be made public. Using this dataset, we show that collision reasoning improves performance of registration for strong deformation and independent lobe motion.
Conclusion: This dataset addresses the lack of public datasets in this field. As an example of use, we present and evaluate a state-of-the-art energy-based approach and a novel extension that handles self-collisions.
Keywords: Augmented reality; Deformable registration; Evaluation dataset.