In order to facilitate the treatment strategies for biliary tract injury, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct tumor thrombus, cholangiocellular carcinoma and bile duct cystic dilatation, many classifications have been made, even more than 10 types for one disease. Each type is represented by numbers or English alphabet, which are not only confusing but also difficult to remember. The Academician Mengchao Wu divided the liver into five sections and four segments base on its anatomy, this classification is very direct and visual, thus had been using till now. In order to overcome those complicated problems, it is considered to develop a new classification based on actual anatomic location similar to that for liver cancer, which is easy to remember and to directly determine the treatment strategy. All kinds of classifications have their own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. This practical classifications avoid the complexity and may be useful for clinicians.
为便于治疗策略的制定，学界对胆道损伤、肝门部胆管癌、肝内胆管癌、胆管癌栓及胆管扩张症等胆道系统疾病制定了很多分型，有的疾病甚至有10余种分型，各种分型均使用数字或英文字母来代表，容易混淆且难于记忆。吴孟超院士在20世纪50年代提出了肝脏五叶四段理论，并用于肝癌的解剖分型。该理论简明、实用，一直沿用至今。我们仿照肝癌分型理论，使用解剖部位命名的方式简化各种胆道疾病的分型，这样不仅便于记忆，更可直接据此初步制定治疗方案。各种分型都有其特点和优缺点，本分型避繁从简，崇尚实际，可供临床医师参考。.
Keywords: Bile duct cystic dilatation; Bile duct tumor thrombus; Biliary tract diseases; Biliary tract injury; Cholangiocellular carcinoma; Disease classification; Hilar cholangiocarcinoma.