Production performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows fed low-forage diets with and without the addition of a live-yeast supplement

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the use of a live-yeast product as a means to attenuate plausible nutritional disturbances when feeding relatively low-forage diets containing rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (i.e., wheat) to high-producing cows in early to mid lactation. Eight primiparous [mean ± SD; 569 ± 35 kg of body weight (BW) and 80 ± 29 d in milk (DIM) at the beginning of the experiment] and 16 multiparous (665 ± 67 kg of BW and 64 ± 10 DIM at the beginning of the experiment) Holstein cows were blocked by parity and DIM, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diets (control vs. yeast) for a 12-wk-long period according to randomized complete block design. The formulated diets contained 36.7% corn silage, 8.3% alfalfa hay, and 55% concentrate. The yeast diet was formulated to provide approximately 5.4 × 10¹¹ cfu/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BeneSacc; Global Nutritech Biotechnology LLC, Richmond, VA). Total-tract nutrient digestibility was estimated using 240-h undigested neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as an internal marker. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk component concentrations and yields were analyzed using repeated measures. The statistical model for these variables included the effects of block, treatment, the block by treatment interaction, week, the treatment by week interaction, and the random residual error. The statistical model for analyzing BW gain, body condition score gain, and dry matter and nutrient digestibilities included the effects of block, treatment, and the random residual error. Supplementing live yeast to lactating dairy cows did not affect dry matter intake (26.0 kg/d), milk yield (48.1 kg/d), milk fat concentration (3.61%), milk fat yield (1.72 kg/d), milk protein concentration (2.96%), milk protein yield (1.43 kg/d), milk lactose concentration (4.84%), milk lactose yield (2.35 kg/d), milk urea nitrogen (7.99 mg/dL), body weight gain (0.62 kg/d), and body condition score gain (0.02 units; all averages of the 2 treatments). The digestibilities of dry matter (70.2%), crude protein (71.4%), NDF (36.4%), and starch (99.8%) were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of the live yeast did not affect production performance and nutrient digestibility of high-producing dairy cows. A potential interaction between live-yeast supplementation and NDF passage rate, which may have hindered the beneficial effects of live-yeast supplementation on production performance and nutrient utilization, deserves further research.

Keywords: drought; low-forage diet; yeast.