Tendon adhesion is a substantial challenge for tendon repair. Thermal pretreatment (TP) may decrease inflammation by upregulating heat shock proteins (HSPs). The present study intends to identify the function that TP serves when combined with HSP70 overexpression in tendon healing and adhesion in rats. Sprague‑Dawley male rats were used to establish a surgically ablative tendon postoperative suture model, and the positive expression of the HSP70 protein was measured using immunohistochemistry. Changes to the blood vessels and collagenous fiber, in addition to the maximum tensile strength and the tendon sliding distance, were detected under a microscope. Finally, HSP70, tumor growth factor β (TGF‑β), and insulin‑like growth factor 1 (IGF‑1) mRNA and protein levels were all determined by employing reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis methods. The positive expression of the HSP70 protein increased following TP. Furthermore, TP reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the collagenous arrangement, accompanied by an increased maximum tensile force and tendon gliding distance following surgery. In addition, TP increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP70, TGF‑β and IGF‑1. Altogether, TP increases HSP70 expression, thereby reducing postoperative traumatic inflammation and establishing tendon adhesion and promoting tendon healing. Thus, TP may be a potential strategy for the treatment of tendon adhesion.