Diablo ubiquitination analysis by sandwich immunoassay

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 Sep 5:173:40-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 3.

Abstract

Ubiquitin plays an essential role in modulating protein function, and deregulation of the ubiquitin system leads to the development of a variety of human diseases. E3 Ubiquitin ligases that mediate ubiquitination and degradation of caspases prevent apoptosis, and as such belong to the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Diablo is a substrate of IAPs but also a negative regulator of IAPs in apoptotic pathway as it blocks the interaction between IAPs and caspases. In efforts to identify IAP inhibitors, we developed sandwich immunoassays in conjunction with an electrochemical luminescence (ECL) platform for quantitation of total Diablo, ubiquitinated Diablo, and ubiquitinated Diablo with K48-specific linkage. The assay panel detects Diablo ubiquitination level changes in the presence of IAP inhibitor or proteasome inhibitor, demonstrating its potential as a cost-efficient high-throughput method for drug discovery involving IAP ubiquitination cascade. The ECL based sandwich assay panel performance was subsequently evaluated for precision, linearity, and limit of quantification.

Keywords: Diablo; Immunoassay; Inhibitor; Ubiquitination.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / isolation & purification*
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Drug Discovery / methods*
  • High-Throughput Screening Assays / methods*
  • Humans
  • Immunoassay / methods
  • Luminescent Measurements / methods
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / isolation & purification*
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / metabolism
  • Proteasome Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Recombinant Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Ubiquitination / drug effects
  • X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • DIABLO protein, human
  • Mitochondrial Proteins
  • Proteasome Inhibitors
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
  • XIAP protein, human