How does methylphenidate affect default mode network? A systematic review

Rev Neurol. 2019 May 16;68(10):417-425. doi: 10.33588/rn.6810.2018487.
[Article in Spanish, English]

Abstract

Introduction: Methylphenidate is a widely-used drug for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Sustained-attention deficits and poorer task performance in these disorders have been associated with default mode network (DMN) dysfunction in fMRI studies. DMN is a set of brain areas more activated during the resting-state. Under the execution of external tasks, there is an attenuation of DMN activity. In healthy individuals, DMN and task-positive network are anticorrelated. It has been suggested that methylphenidate could normalize the attenuated task-related DMN deactivation in attention- and inhibitory control-related disorders and that such normalization could improve task performance.

Patients and methods: To explore the hypothesis of DMN deactivation after methylphenidate administration, we conducted a systematic review of the literature.

Results: After a systematic search, 12 studies were included in this review. For eligibility, studies were required to measure the effects of methylphenidate administration on the DMN activity. Eleven studies showed evidence of MPH-induced improvements in brain areas related to DMN. The results suggest a normalization of brain circuits in individuals with DMN dysfunction.

Conclusions: Our preliminary findings strongly suggest methylphenidate improves DMN dysfunction presented in ADHD and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Further studies are needed to better understand this effect and expand comprehension of methylphenidate action mechanisms.

Title: Como afecta el metilfenidato al circuito de activacion por defecto? Revision sistematica.

Introduccion. El metilfenidato es un farmaco ampliamente usado como tratamiento del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) y otros trastornos neuropsiquiatricos. La dificultad para mantener la atencion de forma prolongada y la deficiente ejecucion de tareas que caracterizan a tales trastornos se han vinculado a la disfuncion del circuito de activacion por defecto –default mode network (DMN)­–, revelado en estudios de resonancia magnetica funcional. En los individuos sanos, el DMN y la red orientada a tareas (task-positive network) presentan una relacion inversa. Se ha planteado que el metilfenidato revertiria la escasa desactivacion del DMN durante la ejecucion de tareas que caracteriza a los trastornos de la atencion y del control inhibitorio, normalizacion que a su vez mejoraria la ejecucion de las tareas. Pacientes y metodos. Con objeto de examinar la hipotesis de que este farmaco propicia tal desactivacion, se llevo a cabo una revision sistematica de la bibliografia. Resultados. Doce estudios se incluyeron finalmente en la revision. Para ello, debian haber medido los efectos de la administracion del metilfenidato sobre la actividad del DMN. Once estudios mostraron indicios de mejora atribuible al metilfenidato en areas cerebrales vinculadas a dicho circuito. Los resultados indican la normalizacion de los circuitos cerebrales en los pacientes con disfuncion del DMN. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos preliminares ofrecen indicios solidos de que el metilfenidato mejora la disfuncion del DMN presente en el TDAH y otros trastornos neuropsiquiatricos. Se precisan nuevos estudios que diluciden los pormenores de este efecto y mejoren la comprension sobre los mecanismos de accion del metilfenidato.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / pharmacology*
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Methylphenidate / pharmacology*
  • Methylphenidate / therapeutic use
  • Nerve Net / drug effects*
  • Nerve Net / physiology*
  • Task Performance and Analysis

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Methylphenidate