Heart failure is the end stage of various heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and hypertensive myocardial damage. It is characterized by a decrease in myocardial contractility, but there is currently no ideal treatment. Nitroxyl hydrogen (HNO) is considered to be a protonated form of NO. It has special chemical properties compared to other nitrogen oxides. In the body of organisms, HNO can participate in all aspects of the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF) and react with some proteins closely related to cardiac activity, changing its spatial structure and exerting cardioprotective effects. In recent years, studies have shown that HNO can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduce inflammation, enhance myocardial contractility, dilate coronary arteries as well as peripheral blood vessels in early heart failure, and protect the heart against heart failure. This paper, combined with the latest research results at home and abroad, clarifies that nitrosyl hydrogen exerts cardioprotective effects through various processes that occur in the development of heart failure.
Keywords: Calcium cycle; Heart failure; Nitrosyl hydrogen; Sulfhydryl.