Rapid Determination of Sub-ppm Heavy Metals in the Solution State via Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Based on Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction in a Ternary Component System

Takeshi Kato; Yuki Nagashima; Atsushi Manaka; Chihiro Nakamura; Shigekatu Oshite; Shukuro Igarashi

doi:10.2116/analsci.19N001

Rapid Determination of Sub-ppm Heavy Metals in the Solution State via Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Based on Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction in a Ternary Component System

Anal Sci. 2019 Aug 10;35(8):939-942. doi: 10.2116/analsci.19N001. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

Authors

Takeshi Kato^{1

2}, Yuki Nagashima¹, Atsushi Manaka³, Chihiro Nakamura⁴, Shigekatu Oshite⁵, Shukuro Igarashi⁶

Affiliations

¹ Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture.
² Science and Technology Promotion Division, Ibaraki Prefectural Government.
³ Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Toyama College.
⁴ HORIBA Techno Service Co., Ltd.
⁵ Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College.
⁶ Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University.

PMID: 31061239
DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19N001

Abstract

The rapid determination of sub-ppm heavy metals in the solution state was examined via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HoLLE) in the water-ethanol-dimethyl phthalate ternary component system. The percentage of cadmium extracted into the sedimented liquid phase was 91.3%. After phase separation, the volume ratio (V_a/V_s) of the aqueous phase (V_a) and the sedimented liquid phase (V_s) was 121 (29.0 → 0.240 mL). Based on an analysis of the sedimented liquid phase in the solution state via the portable XRF, the presence of cadmium was determined over a concentration range of 0.100 - 4.00 mg L^-1.

Keywords: HoLLE; Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; heavy metals; homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction.