After the articular cartilage injury, the metabolic level is increased during the progressive degeneration, the chondrocytes secrete a variety of inflammatory factors, and the original cell phenotype is gradually changed. For a long time, a large number of researchers have done a lot of researches to promote anabolism of chondrocytes and to maintain the stability of chondrocyte phenotype. There are many molecular signaling pathways involved in the process of promoting cartilage repair. This review focuses on the key signaling molecules in articular cartilage repair, such as transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein, and reveals their roles in the process of cartilage injury and repair, so that researchers in related fields can understand the molecular mechanism of cartilage injury and repair widely and deeply. Based on this, they may find promising targets and biological methods for the treatment of cartilage injury.
关节软骨损伤后，在进行性退变过程中，分解代谢水平上调，软骨细胞会分泌多种炎症因子，原有的细胞表型也逐渐改变。因此长期以来，广大研究者针对促软骨细胞合成代谢、维持软骨细胞表型稳定做了大量的研究，并发现在一系列软骨修复过程中有多种分子信号通路参与。本篇综述重点介绍关节软骨修复中关键的信号分子，如：转化生长因子 β（TGF-β）、骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）等，并揭示和探讨这些分子在软骨损伤及修复过程中的作用，以便相关领域研究者广泛深入地了解软骨损伤修复过程中的分子机制，并在此基础上寻找软骨修复治疗靶点和更优的生物学治疗方法。.
Keywords: articular cartilage; cartilage repair; signaling molecules; signaling pathway; tissue engineering.