Facile one-pot synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation and structure-activity relationships of 3-amino-1H-indoles and 3-amino-1H-7-azaindoles

Abstract

A highly efficient method has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of substituted 3-amino-1H-indole and 3-amino-1H-7-azaindole derivatives starting from ethyl 2-cyanophenylcarbamate/ethyl 3-cyanopyridin-2-ylcarbamate, and α-bromoketones in good to excellent yields. All newly synthesized analogues were screened for their antiproliferative activities against four cancer cell lines. The most promising compound 8v demonstrated 13-, 5-, and 1.4-fold improvement compared to fluorouracil in inhibiting HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell proliferation with IC₅₀ values of 3.7, 8.0, and 19.9 μM, respectively. Furthermore, 8v induced significant cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase in HeLa cell lines via a concentration-dependent manner. These encouraging findings indicate that the common 3-amino-1H-7-azaindole is a very favorable scaffold for the design of novel anticancer small-molecule drugs.

Keywords: 3-amino-1H-7-azaindoles; 3-amino-1H-indoles; Antiproliferative activity; One-pot synthesis.