Active backlight for automating visual monitoring: An analysis of a lighting control technique for Caenorhabditis elegans cultured on standard Petri plates

PLoS One. 2019 Apr 16;14(4):e0215548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215548. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Lifespan and healthspan machines can undergo C. elegans image segmentation errors due to changes in lighting conditions, which produce non-uniform images. Most C. elegans monitoring machines use backlight techniques based on the transparency of both the container and media. Backlight illumination obtains high-contrast images with dark C. elegans and a bright background. However, changes in illumination or media transparency conditions can produce non-uniform images, which are currently alleviated by image processing techniques. Besides, these machines should avoid C. elegans exposure to light as much as possible because light stresses worms, and can even affect their lifespan, mainly when using (1) long exposure times, (2) high intensities or (3) wavelengths that come close to ultraviolet. However, if short exposure of worms to light is required for visual monitoring, then light can also be used as a movement stimulus. In this paper, an active backlight method is analysed. The proposed method consists of controlling the light intensities and wavelengths of an illumination dots matrix with PID regulators. These regulators adapt illumination to some changing conditions. The experimental results shows that this method simplifies the image segmentation problem because it is able to automatically compensate not only changes in media transparency throughout assay days, but also changes in ambient conditions, such as smooth condensation on the lid and light derivatives of the illumination source during its lifetime. In addition, the strategic application of wavelengths could be adapted for the requirements of each assay. For instance, a specific control strategy has been proposed to minimise stress to worms and trying to stimulate C. elegans movement in lifespan assays.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Automation, Laboratory*
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / growth & development*
  • Light*
  • Lighting*
  • Locomotion*
  • Longevity*

Grants and funding

ADM Nutrition, Biopolis SL and Archer Daniels Midland provided support in the form of salaries for authors PMG and SGM. They have a role in the decision to publish and in preparation of the manuscript, but did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analysis. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. This study was also supported by CDTI agency of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the CIEN project SMARTFOODS, Universitat Politècnica de València under the project 20170020-UPV, Plan Nacional de I+D under the project DPI2018-094312-R and by the European FEDER fund.