Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among Shaqra University students, Saudi Arabia

Abdulaziz A Alrashed; Khalid I Aljammaz; Aslam Pathan; Aeshah A Mandili; Samah A Almatrafi; Mashaeel H Almotire; Salha M Bahkali

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_443_18

Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among Shaqra University students, Saudi Arabia

J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Feb;8(2):462-467. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_443_18.

Authors

Abdulaziz A Alrashed¹, Khalid I Aljammaz¹, Aslam Pathan², Aeshah A Mandili³, Samah A Almatrafi⁴, Mashaeel H Almotire⁵, Salha M Bahkali⁶

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Sahqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
³ College of Medicine, Umm Al-qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ College of Medicine, Princess Norah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders in adults, it develops when the stomach contents reflux and rise up into the esophagus as a result from lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Stomach acid that touches the lining of the esophagus causes symptoms and complications. The classical symptoms of GERD include heartburn, usually after eating, chest pain, and regurgitation.

Aim: To measure the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and determine its risk factors among the students of Shaqra University.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed among Shaqra University students after multistage stratification and random sampling technique to stratify students according to gender and the three main colleges in Shaqra city, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was determined to be 435 with the precision of ± 5% and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The questionnaire included demographic data like age, gender, height and weight, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Statistical data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results with a P value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 400 [227 (56%) male and 173 (43%) female] participants were evaluated. And 95 participants got a gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire score of ≥8 thus determining the prevalence of GERD to be 23.8%. Univariate analysis revealed that gender, smoking, familial history of GERD, high body mass index (>25 kg/m²), fast food, tea, carbonated beverages consumption, quick eating, and sleeping within 1 hour of dinner are associated with symptomatic GERD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of GERD in Shaqra university students and the presence of many modifiable risk factors which merits the conduction of public health campaigns to raise awareness about the disease and its risk factors.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Shaqra; University students; prevalence; risk factors.