We collected death data of children under 5-year-old in China from the national child mortality surveillance system from 2010 to 2016. The change of mortality rate and causes of death were described. The mortality rate of Chinese children under 5-year-old decreased from 16.4‰ to 10.2‰ in all areas between 2010 and 2016, from 20.1‰ to 12.4 ‰ in rural areas and from 7.3‰ to 5.2‰ in urban areas, respectively, with a greater average annual decreasing rate in rural areas than urban area. During these years, in addition to traffic accidents and sepsis, other 8 cause-specific mortality rates showed a downward trend. There were substantial decreases of mortality rates of premature birth or low birth weight, birth asphyxia and neural tube defects. In urban areas, the mortality rate of premature birth or low birth weight, birth asphyxia decreased, and the mortality rate of congenital heart disease and diarrhea substantially decreased. However, there was a substantial increase of mortality rate of septicemia in urban areas. In rural areas, the change of major cause-specific mortality rates were consistent with the national trend.
分析2010—2016年中国5岁以下儿童死亡监测网数据，描述了5岁以下儿童死亡率及死因变化情况。全国5岁以下儿童死亡率由2010年的16.4‰下降至2016年的10.2‰，其中农村由20.1‰下降至12.4‰，城市由7.3‰下降至5.2‰，农村下降幅度大于城市。与2010年相比，2016年中国5岁以下儿童的主要死因中，除交通意外和败血症外，其他8种死因的死亡率均有下降，其中早产或低出生体重、出生窒息、神经管缺陷死亡率明显下降。城市5岁以下儿童的早产或低出生体重、出生窒息死亡率有所下降，先天性心脏病和腹泻死亡率明显下降，败血症死亡率明显升高；农村5岁以下儿童主要死因变化与全国基本一致。.
Keywords: Cause of death; Child mortality; Cross-sectional studies; Population surveillance.