Association between vitamin D deficiency and allergic symptom in pregnant women

PLoS One. 2019 Apr 10;14(4):e0214797. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214797. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D has been reported to affect both innate, and acquired immunity with immune cells such as dendritic cells having the vitamin D receptors. The co-occurrence of the high prevalence of allergic diseases and vitamin D deficiency globally documented in recent decades, has prompted a hypothesis on whether there is a reasonable association between them.

Objective: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and allergic symptoms.

Methods: Historical cohort. On a cohort study for the association between desert dust exposure and allergic symptoms in 3,327 pregnant women during spring and fall in 2011-2013 in Japan conducted as an adjunct study to the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we promptly acquired subjects' daily allergic symptom scores by sending a web-based questionnaire to each participant on some days. Of the 29,434 answers provided by 3,327 participating pregnant women, we extracted 13,356 answers from 1,475 pregnant women that were answered within a 3-month period after blood samplings. And we measured 25(OH)D levels on those samples to investigate the association between their vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 20ng/mL) and the occurrence of any allergic symptom (allergic symptom score> 0) within 3 months.

Results: Serum 25(OH)D was less than 20ng/mL in 1,233 of 1,745 samples (70.7%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for occurrence of any allergic symptom in deficient cases compared with non-deficient cases was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07-1.64, p = 0.01). Further, vitamin D deficiency significantly enhanced the risk increase at desert dust events and at pollen exposure (p-values for interaction <0.1).

Conclusion: We confirmed the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and allergic symptoms in Japanese pregnant women.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cohort Studies
  • Dust / immunology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / blood
  • Hypersensitivity / complications*
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology*
  • Japan
  • Middle Aged
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / blood
  • Pregnancy Complications / immunology*
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives
  • Vitamin D / blood
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / blood
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / complications*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / immunology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Dust
  • Vitamin D
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [5C-1152(2011-2013) 5-1555(2015-2017)], and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25350044 (2013-2015), and conducted as an adjunct study of Japan Environment and Children Study (JECS). The findings and conclusions of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the Japanese government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.