Caregiver-mediated exercises with e-health support for early supported discharge after stroke (CARE4STROKE): A randomized controlled trial

PLoS One. 2019 Apr 8;14(4):e0214241. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214241. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Background and purpose: We designed an 8-week caregiver-mediated exercise program with e-health support after stroke (CARE4STROKE) in addition to usual care with the aim to improve functional outcome and to facilitate early supported discharge by increasing the intensity of task specific training.

Methods: An observer-blinded randomized controlled trial in which 66 stroke patient-caregiver couples were included during inpatient rehabilitation. Patients allocated to the CARE4STROKE program trained an additional amount of 150 minutes a week with a caregiver and were compared to a control group that received usual care alone. Primary outcomes: self-reported mobility domain of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS) and length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes: motor impairment, strength, walking ability, balance, mobility and (Extended) Activities of Daily Living of patients, caregiver strain of caregivers, and mood, self-efficacy, fatigue and quality of life of both patients and caregivers. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks after randomization.

Results: No significant between-group differences were found regarding SIS-mobility after 8 (β 6.21, SD 5.16; P = 0.229) and 12 weeks (β 0.14, SD 2.87; P = 0.961), and LOS (P = 0.818). Significant effects in favor of the intervention group were found for patient's anxiety (β 2.01, SD 0.88; P = 0.023) and caregiver's depression (β 2.33, SD 0.77; P = 0.003) post intervention. Decreased anxiety in patients remained significant at the 12-week follow-up (β 1.01, SD 0.40; P = 0.009).

Conclusions: This proof-of concept trial did not find significant effects on both primary outcomes mobility and LOS as well as the secondary functional outcomes. Treatment contrast in terms of total exercise time may have been insufficient to achieve these effects. However, caregiver-mediated exercises showed a favorable impact on secondary outcome measures of mood for both patient and caregiver.

Clinical trial registration: NTR4300, URL- http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4300.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Caregivers*
  • Exercise Therapy*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Discharge*
  • Stroke / therapy*
  • Telemedicine*

Associated data

  • NTR/NTR4300

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the Netherlands Organization of Health Research and Development (ZonMW - www.zonmw.nl) grant number 837001408 (2013) and grant number 606300098012 (2015) Both grants were awarded to GK and EvW. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. AptaVivar provided support in the form of salary for author HM, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.