2D kaolin ultrafiltration membrane with ultrahigh flux for water purification

Ting Liu; Huimin Zhou; Nigel Graham; Wenzheng Yu; Kening Sun

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.050

2D kaolin ultrafiltration membrane with ultrahigh flux for water purification

Water Res. 2019 Jun 1:156:425-433. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.050. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Authors

Ting Liu¹, Huimin Zhou², Nigel Graham³, Wenzheng Yu⁴, Kening Sun⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Electronic address: liuting@bit.edu.cn.
² School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
³ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Electronic address: n.graham@imperial.ac.uk.
⁴ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. Electronic address: w.yu@imperial.ac.uk.
⁵ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. Electronic address: bitkeningsun@163.com.

PMID: 30947042
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.050

Abstract

Membrane separation technology is an important option for the treatment of contaminated surface waters but the relatively high cost of materials and membrane fabrication represent a significant obstacle to the wider use of membrane processes. In this study, we describe the development and testing of a new kind of membrane made from two-dimensional (2D) kaolin nanosheets. The fabrication involved a layer-by-layer stacking of the nanosheets with a cationic polyacrylamide cross-linking agent, assembled on a cellulose acetate supporting layer. The kaolin membrane exhibited an ultrahigh flux (∼4000 L.m-².h^-1.bar^-1) which was almost ten times greater than that of a commercial polyether sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. The membrane was tested using a range of influent water types, including samples of a lake water, river water and three natural organic matter solutions. The results showed that the kaolin membrane was stable and behaved as an UF membrane, in terms of its pore size distribution (peak distribution at 20-35 nm) and comparable treatment performance to the PES UF membrane. The kaolin membrane showed a substantially reduced rate of fouling, compared to PES membrane, despite a much greater flux, which was partly attributed to its highly hydrophilic nature. The advantages of lower cost, much higher flux and lower fouling propensity make the 2D-kaolin membrane a potentially important development in UF membrane technology for drinking water treatment, and possibly other applications.

Keywords: 2D material; Kaolin membrane; Ultrafiltration; Water treatment.

MeSH terms

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Kaolin
Membranes, Artificial
Ultrafiltration*
Water Purification*

Substances

Membranes, Artificial
Kaolin