Risk factors, early and late postpartum complications of retained placenta: A case control study

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 May:236:160-165. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.024. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify risk factors and complications associated with 3rd stage of labor removal of placental fragments (3rd SRPF) by manual uterine revision under a strict protocol.

Study design: Ten years retrospective register-based cohort study of vaginal deliveries. Women with 3rd SRPF n = 3297 (exposed) and those without n = 97,888 (non exposed) were compared.

Main outcomes measures: (1) risk factors for 3rd SRPF aOR (95%CI) (2) early (2a) and late (2b) maternal complications.

Results: (1) Risk factors for 3rd SRPF procedure were assisted reproductive technologies 2.20 (1.73-2.34), preterm delivery 2.53 (2.21-2.88), preeclampsia 1.66 (1.25-2.21) Multiple previous early pregnancy loss (>3) 1.40(1.19-1.66), VBAC 1.26(1.13-1.47) and epidural analgesia 1.56 (1.46-1.69). (2a) Early complications: puerperal fever 1.1% vs 0.3%, blood transfusion 9.0% vs. 0.5%, prolonged maternal hospitalization 21.0% vs. 11.4%, all P < 0.0001. Puerperal readmission was 0.819% in the 3rd SRPF vs. 0.315% the control group, P < 0.0001. (2b) Late complications: retained placenta and hysteroscopy / D&C rates were significantly higher among the 3rd SRPF vs. controls: 40.7% vs. 7.1%, 14.8% vs. 3.6% and 48.1% vs. 18.2%, respectively, all P < 0.0001.

Conclusion: Uterine revision for 3rd SPRF is associated with significant early and late maternal morbidity; should be considered discriminative of a population at risk and postpartum health care planning, beyond being a therapeutic intervention.

Keywords: 3(rd) Stage of labor; Retained placenta; Revision of uterine cavity.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Delivery, Obstetric / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Labor Stage, Third*
  • Placenta, Retained / etiology*
  • Placenta, Retained / surgery
  • Pregnancy
  • Registries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Uterus / surgery*
  • Young Adult