Obstetric outcomes in patients who have undergone excisional treatment for high-grade cervical squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 May:236:210-213. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.02.025. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the relationships between excisional treatment for high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) and obstetric outcomes in terms of preterm delivery risk, premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and type of delivery, and between pre-term delivery and the type of excisional technique (radio frequency excision, laser conization).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of the obstetric outcomes of 2316 women aged 25-45 years who underwent excisional treatment for CIN2+ at the Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic of Ospedale Maggiore della Carità in Novara and at the Obstetric and Gynecological Department of Ospedale Sant'Anna in Torino in the period 2005-2014 and were evaluated until April 2016, and 57,937 untreated women of the same age, from the same centers.

Results: After treatment, 320 women had at least one pregnancy leading to delivery after a mean of 3.35 years. Treatment significantly increased the risk of preterm delivery. Compared with no treatment, the risk of preterm birth was higher in women who had undergone treatment (33.13% vs. 6.60%). Techniques removing or ablating more tissue, such as large loop excision of the transformation zone, were associated with worse outcomes (OR 2.96, 95% IC 1.72-5.10). Smoking habits significantly increase the risk of preterm delivery in the treated women (OR 2.82, 95% IC 1.61-4.9). The risk of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) (40% vs. 23.22%), the risk of preterm PROM (pPROM) (13.13% vs. 2.71%) and dystocic births (18.75% vs 4.48%) were also significantly increased after treatment. Caesarean sections were less frequent among the treated women (15.94% vs. 32.41%).

Conclusions: Our findings reveal a relationship between cervical excisional treatment and pre-term delivery, PROM, and the method of delivery. In order to minimise risk and guarantee the best obstetric outcome, patient treatment and follow-up should be personalised.

Keywords: Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia; Conisation; Obstetric outcomes; PROM; Pre-term delivery; pPROM.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Conization / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture / etiology*
  • Humans
  • Laser Therapy / adverse effects*
  • Middle Aged
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Premature Birth / etiology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix / surgery*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / surgery*

Supplementary concepts

  • Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes