Hydropower has come to be treated as synonymous with sustainable economic development by many in the development arena. This is despite the adverse ecological and sociological impacts being widely recognised by those outside of decision-making. The prevalence of this 'hydropower myth' simplifies the complex trade-offs involved within hydropower development and often leads to inequitable situations and ecological damage. The Mekong River is used to demonstrate the strength of the hydropower myth-the disconnect with the social and ecological realities of the basin, and emerging and potential negative consequences. The attractiveness of the hydropower myth to decision-makers and developers is shown to lie largely in its political utility in bolstering national power and legitimacy as well as its ability to channel economic benefits towards states and developers.
Keywords: Energy; Hydropower; Mekong; Narratives; Sustainable development; Water resources.