Objective: Introducion: The flexion of the knee joints in the movement of the squat may be accompanied by physiological varus deformity that increases smoothly with the lowering of the center of gravity, followed by a return to the starting position. Observing the disturbances of the physiological movement of the knee joints in the frontal plane, the authors correlated them with the mobility of the ankles in the sagittal plane. The aim: To show the relationship of knee joint motion disorders in the frontal plane with the movement of the ankle joints in the sagittal plane in the movement of the squat. The authors asked themselves about the number of subjects with the physiological mobility of both joints in the given planes and in what part of the subjects there are disorders and whether they relate to the ipsi or the contralateral part of the body. There was also the question of whether and in which group there are deviations not meeting the above criteria.
Patients and methods: Materials and methods: 20 healthy right-handed men aged 25-35 were examined with physiological mobility of lower limb joints, confirmed in a physiotherapeutic study. Exclusion criteria included: polyarticular laxity, systemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis. The subjects performed a three-time squat after putting in the Biomech measuring system inertial sensors on the lower limbs and the pelvis. Assessment was related to the movement of the knee joint in the frontal plane with the movement of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane.
Results: Results: Alternating deformity with right knee valgus occurred in 16 people in the right knee joint (80% of subjects) and in 6 men in the left knee joint (30% of subjects). Three subjects (15%) had a degenerative disorder in both knee joints. The others presented physiological mobility or single (not correlating) disturbances in the mobility of selected joints.
Conclusion: Conclusions: The tests confirmed that the ankle joint is functionally connected to the dysfunctional knee joint on the opposite side, despite various surfaces of mutual movement. Dysfunction of the knee joint is about 10 ° reduction of varus deformity during squat during maximum flexion of the knee joint and again varus deformation when lifting the center of gravity, which ends in distortion until the starting position. These deflections are accompanied by a decrease in the opposite ankle extension at the time of knee valgus deformity in the maximum flexion. The above dysfunctions occurred in 100% instability of the non-dominant knee joint, and on the dominant side in 63%.
Keywords: knee; MVN Biomech; ankle; lateral instability.